Empowering Youth in Global Climate Governance: Insights from COP28 and the UNFCCC
Abstract: The urgency to transition from fossil fuels is underscored by COP28’s Global Stocktake. Despite its historic call for fossil fuel reduction, COP28 faces criticism from civil society for its ties to the fossil fuel industry. The Paris Agreement invites participation from non- and sub-state actors (NSSAs), however, this inclusivity is often skewed by existing power dynamics and the global South remains unrepresented. This thesis explores how the large demographic youth, who are particularly vulnerable to climate impacts, leveraged COP28 mechanisms to influence global climate policy, guided by the combined frameworks of multi-level governance, climate justice, and power. Despite their growing activism, for example through social movements such as Fridays For Future (FFF) and increasing engagement at COP28, youth face barriers such as financing, capacity, and coordination issues. Initiatives like the Global Youth Statement and Global Youth Stocktake show their commitment, however, meaningful participation is hampered by power imbalances and injustices, requiring support from states and the UNFCCC Secretariat. This research applies a qualitative methodological approach by utilizing 8 interviews as well as document and literature analysis. The findings indicate that while youth activism at the international level has increased, it remains a double-edged sword. The national level requires greater focus through Local Conference of Youths and similar initiatives, where youth need to establish their positions as key actors and influence local governments. Additionally, youth should identify and leverage young individuals already in governmental positions that might not identify as youth actors, to strengthen their legitimacy. These findings contribute to the understanding of youth participation in climate governance and suggest practical strategies for enhancing their impact. By addressing these imbalances, this research highlights the potential for more effective youth participation in climate governance, emphasizing the importance of strategic engagement at the national and regional level to achieve meaningful impact and participation at the international level.