This thesis explores the challenges and opportunities associated with transitioning Dubai’s urban planning and energy policies from a fossil fuel-dependent framework to one grounded in sustainable energy practices. By leveraging Elinor Ostrom’s Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, this study investigates the interplay between biophysical characteristics, community attributes, institutional rules, and stakeholder dynamics. The research encompasses in-depth interviews with key stakeholders and a comprehensive policy content analysis to identify barriers and drivers influencing sustainable urban planning and energy transitions in Dubai. Findings reveal that while Dubai has set ambitious targets for clean energy adoption and carbon neutrality, several regulatory, economic, and technical barriers hinder effective implementation. Fragmented institutional structures, high financial costs, and technical complexities pose significant challenges. Stakeholder perceptions and collaborative dynamics further shape policy outcomes, highlighting the need for enhanced community engagement, centralized governance, and public-private partnerships. This study concludes with strategic recommendations for policymakers to overcome identified barriers and foster a resilient and sustainable urban future for Dubai. Key recommendations include integrating immediate infrastructure needs with long-term sustainability goals, increasing investment in research and development, and implementing robust evaluative criteria to track progress. By addressing these multifaceted challenges through cohesive and innovative approaches, Dubai can achieve its sustainability targets and serve as a model for other rapidly urbanizing cities worldwide.