The first ERC financed CLIFF (climate change and fossil fuel) conference was combined with the final conference of the project on Leaving Fossil Fuels Underground (LFFU) financed by the National Science Foundation of the Netherlands. The Conference presented the final results of the LFFU project and then moved to explore the research questions and initial findings of the CLIFF conference. This conference thus provided continuity between the ending of one project and the start of a new project which built on the gaps in knowledge identified by the previous project.